Academic Research Project (Science, Physics, Optics, Solar Energy)

Hello, I need somebody to do academic research the following:

#1 Find global data for sea water salinity. I believe that the global average is 3.5%, but that it’s higher or lower in different parts of the world. I would like data showing the salinity levels and an explanation for what affects ocean salinity.

#2 What are the components of sea water brine? Only about 66-70% of it is NaCl, but other salts are MgCl2, CaCl2, KCl, etc. I have found various lists that are inconsistent with each other. I would like someone to find a definitive list of what is in seawater brine and a percentage of each one. If it changes throughout the world, I would like an explanation for why it is different.

#3 I would like a clear explanation for the cosine effect losses when reflecting light with mirrors. Is the reason because the angle of the mirror is effectively less surface area? Is it because of additional atmosphere for the light to go through? Is it because the glass of the mirror is effectively thicker when it goes through it at an angle?

#4 I need help understanding the best way to capture heat from sunlight. Does most of the energy come from visible light, ultraviolet light, or infrared light? If a mirror is “97% reflectivity” is this only visible light or does it need a different coating for infrared light? From what I understand, the new James Webb telescope’s mirrors have a gold coating because the telescope is designed to capture infrared light. If I know where most of the solar energy comes from in sunlight, then what is the most optimal coating for the mirror.

#5 Based on your answer to #4, what is the best way to capture the entire spectrum of light from the sun? Is it best to have a deeply black surface or is there a material that does this effectively?

Thank you and please let me know if you have any questions.