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A 49-year-old male farmer presents to the emergency department with
intractable nausea and vomiting, dyspnoea on exertion, and dizziness. The
nausea began about two weeks prior to admission. There is no history of medication or
toxin exposure. He has lost some weight recently and his current body weight is 52 kg. His
past medical history is positive for hypertension diagnosed 4 years ago with no follow-up.
He has smoked 1 packet per day for 20 years.
The attending nurse in the emergency department reports his blood pressure to be 160/120
mmHg, temperature 36.7°C, pulse 93/min. His skin is pale with numerous areas of
spontaneous bruising. Chest x-ray shows increased pulmonary vascular markings and hazy
obliteration of the lower lung bases. Abdominal ultrasound examination shows a right
kidney size of 7 cm and a left kidney size of 6.8 cm (normal kidney size approx. 10 cm).
Laboratory evaluation reveals:
Urinalysis
Protein 1+
Blood 1+
Glucose Neg
Casts Neg
Bacteria Neg
Blood report Reference range
WBC 10.7 x 109
/L 4.5-11 x 109
/L
Platelets 245 x 109
/L 150-400 x 109
/L
Haematocrit 0.31 0.40-0.54 (adult male)
Creatinine 540 umol/L 60–110 umol/L (adult male)
Urea 35.2 mmol/L 3.0-8.0 mmol/L (adult)
Calcium 1.75 mmol/L 2.10–2.60 mmol/L
Uric Acid 0.68 mmol/L 0.20-0.45 mmol/L (male)
He’s admitted to the nephrology ward for further evaluation and management of his condition.
Please answer the following TWO questions:
Q1. What is the pathophysiological basis of hypertension in a patient with
chronic kidney disease?
(350-400 words)
Q2. Based on the clinical picture and laboratory investigations provided, what
stage of chronic kidney disease this patient is in and what will be the main
management approach at this stage?
(100-150 words)
Support your answers with appropriate evidence (references). This assignment tests your
ability to search scientific literature.
Tips on academic/scientific writing:
https://www.cdu.edu.au/library/language-and-learning-support/study-skills/writing
Avoiding plagiarism:
https://www.cdu.edu.au/library/language-and-learning-support/study-skills/academicintegrity
APA referencing guide
https://libguides.cdu.edu.au/cdureferencing/apa
GENERAL GUIDELINES ON HOW TO WRITE YOUR ASSIGNMENT
1. The word limit for this assignment is 450 to 550 words, this does not include
references. Please stick to word limit, failing to do so will result in losing marks.
2. Only word and pdf formats are acceptable. Do not copy the case study questions in
your file, just write Q1, Q2 and provide your answer.
FORMAT:
1. Font size 12; Font type: preferably Calibri or Arial.
2. Line spacing 1.5 to 2.
REFERENCING:
Please use APA referencing style (7th edition). Number of references: between 5-10. Please
refer to CDU library for referencing guide
intractable nausea and vomiting, dyspnoea on exertion, and dizziness. The
nausea began about two weeks prior to admission. There is no history of medication or
toxin exposure. He has lost some weight recently and his current body weight is 52 kg. His
past medical history is positive for hypertension diagnosed 4 years ago with no follow-up.
He has smoked 1 packet per day for 20 years.
The attending nurse in the emergency department reports his blood pressure to be 160/120
mmHg, temperature 36.7°C, pulse 93/min. His skin is pale with numerous areas of
spontaneous bruising. Chest x-ray shows increased pulmonary vascular markings and hazy
obliteration of the lower lung bases. Abdominal ultrasound examination shows a right
kidney size of 7 cm and a left kidney size of 6.8 cm (normal kidney size approx. 10 cm).
Laboratory evaluation reveals:
Urinalysis
Protein 1+
Blood 1+
Glucose Neg
Casts Neg
Bacteria Neg
Blood report Reference range
WBC 10.7 x 109
/L 4.5-11 x 109
/L
Platelets 245 x 109
/L 150-400 x 109
/L
Haematocrit 0.31 0.40-0.54 (adult male)
Creatinine 540 umol/L 60–110 umol/L (adult male)
Urea 35.2 mmol/L 3.0-8.0 mmol/L (adult)
Calcium 1.75 mmol/L 2.10–2.60 mmol/L
Uric Acid 0.68 mmol/L 0.20-0.45 mmol/L (male)
He’s admitted to the nephrology ward for further evaluation and management of his condition.
Please answer the following TWO questions:
Q1. What is the pathophysiological basis of hypertension in a patient with
chronic kidney disease?
(350-400 words)
Q2. Based on the clinical picture and laboratory investigations provided, what
stage of chronic kidney disease this patient is in and what will be the main
management approach at this stage?
(100-150 words)
Support your answers with appropriate evidence (references). This assignment tests your
ability to search scientific literature.
Tips on academic/scientific writing:
https://www.cdu.edu.au/library/language-and-learning-support/study-skills/writing
Avoiding plagiarism:
https://www.cdu.edu.au/library/language-and-learning-support/study-skills/academicintegrity
APA referencing guide
https://libguides.cdu.edu.au/cdureferencing/apa
GENERAL GUIDELINES ON HOW TO WRITE YOUR ASSIGNMENT
1. The word limit for this assignment is 450 to 550 words, this does not include
references. Please stick to word limit, failing to do so will result in losing marks.
2. Only word and pdf formats are acceptable. Do not copy the case study questions in
your file, just write Q1, Q2 and provide your answer.
FORMAT:
1. Font size 12; Font type: preferably Calibri or Arial.
2. Line spacing 1.5 to 2.
REFERENCING:
Please use APA referencing style (7th edition). Number of references: between 5-10. Please
refer to CDU library for referencing guide
Related categories:
Scientific Research