nanoscience pharmaceutics

Acne vulgaris also known as acne is a common skin disease that is estimated to affect approximately 85% of the population at some point in their lives (Gold, Dhawan et al. 2019). It involves multiple pathological features including follicular hyperkeratinisation, increased sebum production, Propionibacterium acnes proliferation and inflammation. It is characterized by papules, open and closed comedones, pustules and sometimes cysts and nodules. Acne vulgaris is associated with self‐consciousness, depression, anxiety, insecurity in appearance and overall impaired quality of life (Bhate and Williams 2013).

Conventional topical agents used in the management of acne, due to their irritation have tolerability problems leading to patient incompliance (Leyden 1998). Adapalene is a new 3rd generation retinoid that has been found to be better tolerated and is relatively stable when compared to other class retinoids (Millikan 2000). Adapalene loaded NLCs will be prepared using Hot Homogenization method and optimised by employing Quality by design principles. The influence of independent variables will be assessed through particle size, particle size distribution and entrapment efficiency to optimize the formulation. The preferred formulation (A-NLCs) will be incorporated into a Carbopol hydrogel and further evaluated for physical properties, rheology, Spreadability, In vitro skin permeation and penetration using porcine ear skin and In-vitro Drug Release using a Dialysis Bag.