Fix URL Redirects

Our PHP/MySQL website has a basic URL redirect (.htaccess) page that needs to be rewritten. Currently, the URLs are queried from MySQL and used as the variable to select the correct row/product. However, the redirect code has to accept wildcards in order to work and is killing the SEO for the site. There are also 200+ static rewrites to old URLs that need to stay. I know enough about redirection to make it work but I cannot figure out the best way to optimize the code and keep it working.