ArcGIS/QGIS: find city centroid related data

Job ID: 32570645

Budget: $30 – $250 USD

I have an annual level global data which is made available in GeoTIFF 2-BIT raster format with pre-built pyramids. The map projection used is Web Mercator (EPSG:3857), with a nominal resolution of approximately 260 meters on the ground at the equator. I would like to obtain global city-year level data based on the centroid of each city.
Related categories: Python Cartography & Maps Geolocation Geospatial ArcGIS