Intermediate Anatomy Illustration Specialist
Budget: $30 – $250 USD
I'm looking for a professional with expertise in medical illustrations, to support in the development of 2 diagrams as follows;
1st Task: Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB) Leads to Immune System Activation against Cancer
Details:
TMB is rigorously defined as the total number of somatic mutations within the tumour genome but in practice involves an estimate from a subset of the genome. The efficiency of ICIs is based primarily on the ability of the immune system, predominantly the T-cells, to recognise and attack cancerous cells. The T-cell activation could be triggered by cancer antigenic recognition. The accumulation of somatic alterations in DNA may lead to neoplastic transformation and cancer cell development. These include synonymous mutations (silent mutations that do not alter amino acid coding), non-synonymous mutations (largely comprised of non-sense and point mutations that change the amino acid codon), insertions or deletions (indels, which can cause frameshifts), copy number variants (CNVs), and gene fusions. However, not all somatic mutations generate foreign or non-self antigens, known as neoantigens, which can be recognised by the immune system and are able to elicit an immune reaction. For the immune system activation, such mutations need to be transcribed and translated into specific neoantigen that could be caught up by the APCs and bound to MHC molecules for further presentation on the cell surface. Further, higher TMB corresponds to a higher number of somatic mutations and high neoantigen load. Thus, there is an increasing probability that these neoantigens could be recognised d by cytotoxic T-cells and elicit an immunogenic response, leading to destruction of cancer cells.
In simple words:
- The accumulation of somatic alterations may lead to neoplastic transformation and development of cancer.
- TMB is rigorously defined as the total number of somatic mutations within the tumour genome. Mutations are transcribed and translated into foreign proteins, known as neoantigens.
- These neoantigens are caught up by the APCs and bound to MHC molecules for further presentation on the cell surface, leading to eliciting an immunogenic response, leading to destruction of cancer cells by the cytotoxic T-cells.
2nd Task: Factors That Impact TMB Estimation/Results
Details:
There are several factors that affects/influences the accuracy and estimation of TMB..
In simple words:
1. Validation and Pre-analytical Considerations
2. Variation in Breadth and Depth of Coverage
3. Variation in TMB Estimation
4. Differences in NGS Approaches/Platforms
5. Somatic Mutations and Variant Calling
6. TMB thresholds for diverse tumour types
Please provide a brief overview of your experience with similar tasks in your bid. Looking forward to engaging with seasoned medical illustrators!
1st Task: Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB) Leads to Immune System Activation against Cancer
Details:
TMB is rigorously defined as the total number of somatic mutations within the tumour genome but in practice involves an estimate from a subset of the genome. The efficiency of ICIs is based primarily on the ability of the immune system, predominantly the T-cells, to recognise and attack cancerous cells. The T-cell activation could be triggered by cancer antigenic recognition. The accumulation of somatic alterations in DNA may lead to neoplastic transformation and cancer cell development. These include synonymous mutations (silent mutations that do not alter amino acid coding), non-synonymous mutations (largely comprised of non-sense and point mutations that change the amino acid codon), insertions or deletions (indels, which can cause frameshifts), copy number variants (CNVs), and gene fusions. However, not all somatic mutations generate foreign or non-self antigens, known as neoantigens, which can be recognised by the immune system and are able to elicit an immune reaction. For the immune system activation, such mutations need to be transcribed and translated into specific neoantigen that could be caught up by the APCs and bound to MHC molecules for further presentation on the cell surface. Further, higher TMB corresponds to a higher number of somatic mutations and high neoantigen load. Thus, there is an increasing probability that these neoantigens could be recognised d by cytotoxic T-cells and elicit an immunogenic response, leading to destruction of cancer cells.
In simple words:
- The accumulation of somatic alterations may lead to neoplastic transformation and development of cancer.
- TMB is rigorously defined as the total number of somatic mutations within the tumour genome. Mutations are transcribed and translated into foreign proteins, known as neoantigens.
- These neoantigens are caught up by the APCs and bound to MHC molecules for further presentation on the cell surface, leading to eliciting an immunogenic response, leading to destruction of cancer cells by the cytotoxic T-cells.
2nd Task: Factors That Impact TMB Estimation/Results
Details:
There are several factors that affects/influences the accuracy and estimation of TMB..
In simple words:
1. Validation and Pre-analytical Considerations
2. Variation in Breadth and Depth of Coverage
3. Variation in TMB Estimation
4. Differences in NGS Approaches/Platforms
5. Somatic Mutations and Variant Calling
6. TMB thresholds for diverse tumour types
Please provide a brief overview of your experience with similar tasks in your bid. Looking forward to engaging with seasoned medical illustrators!