principle of programing

introduction
program
programing language
type of programing language
classification of high level programing language
classification of programing
stages in program development


Introduction -
You all are aware of the word computer. it is used in almost every part of our today's life. since from thew day it was invented, it had changed our life. Or, you can say computer have revolutionized our daily lives in many aspects. You can track a route ticket, do online shopping, see and chat your friend or relative living in any part of the world. All these task are possible only because of computwere.

Program -
a program or computer program is a set of instructions that tell the computer to do various things Software Programming. Advertisements. Previous Page. Next Page . In order to make a computer functional, a set of instructions need to be programmed, as these programmed languages are carriers to the performance of a task. Likewise, a computer accepts users’ instructions in the form of computer programming and then carries out the given task. Features of Software Programming. A computer program, which actually is a set of instructions and helps computer to perform a specific task,

Programing language -
Computer programming languages allow us to give instructions to a computer in a language the computer understands. Just as many human-based languages exist, there are an array of computer programming languages that programmers can use to communicate with a computer. The portion of the language that a computer can understand is called a “binary.”

High level programing language
In computer science, a high-level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer. In contrast to low-level programming languages, it may use natural language elements, be easier to use, or may automate (or even hide entirely) significant areas of computing systems (e.g. memory management), making the process of developing a program simpler and more understandable than when using a lower-level language. The amount of abstraction provided defines how "high-level" a programming language is.[1]In the 1960s, a high-level programming language using a compiler was commonly called an autocode.[2] Examples of autocodes are COBOL and Fortran.[3]
The first high-level programming language designed for computers was Plankalkül, created by Konrad Zuse.[4] However, it was not implemented in his time, and his original contributions were largely isolated from other developments due to World War II, aside from the language's influence on the "Superplan" language by Heinz Rutishauser and also to some degree ALGOL. The first significantly widespread high-level language was Fortran, a machine-independent development of IBM's earlier Autocode systems. The ALGOL family, with ALGOL 58 defined in 1958 and ALGOL 60 defined in 1960 by committees of European and American computer scientists, introduced recursion as well as nested functions under lexical scope. ALGOL 60 was also the first language with a clear distinction between value and name-parameters and their corresponding semantics.[5] ALGOL also introduced several structured programming concepts, such as the while-do and if-then-else constructs and its syntax was the first to be described in formal notation – Backus–Naur form (BNF). During roughly the same period, COBOL introduced records (also called structs) and Lisp introduced a fully general lambda abstraction in a programming language for the first time.

Stages in program Development
Problem Definition:The first step in the process of program development is the thorough understanding and identification of the problem for which is the program or software is to be developed.In this step the problem has to be defined formally.All the factors like Input/output, processing requirement, memory requirements, error handling, interfacing with other programs have to be taken into consideration in this stage.
Program Design: