Translator
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وبالتالي ، بينما لا يزال هناك الكثير الذي يتعين علينا القيام به ، فإننا قادرون على الحصول على صورة أكثر دقة وأوسع نطاقاً للعديد من جوانب الأحداث في الفترة من 1914 إلى 1818 ، فضلاً عن الأحداث التي تسبقها والتي تليها. في الواقع ، إعادة النظر في الفترة الزمنية هي موضوع رئيسي فيما يتعلق بالدول غير الأوروبية والشرق الأوسط على وجه الخصوص. انتهت الحرب العالمية الأولى في وقت لاحق هناك ، إذا جاز التعبير. استسلمت المدينة المنورة فقط في عام 1919. وظلت دولتا أرمينيا وكردستان ، الموعودتان خلال مؤتمر باريس للسلام ، سريعة الزوال. أعقبت الانتفاضات تأسيس أنظمة سياسية واستعمارية جديدة خلال عشرينيات القرن الماضي في العراق وسوريا وفلسطين. لا يزال البعض يشير إلى أواخر الإمبراطورية العثمانية في منتصف عشرينيات القرن الماضي ، مما يشير إلى بصمة الإمبراطورية العميقة والطويلة الأمد في المنطقة 6. ولعل الأهم من ذلك ، أن حكومات الانتداب التي تم تأسيسها في بلاد الشام والعراق كانت تهدف إلى أن تكون مؤقتة فقط (7). لقد شهدوا تغيرات متكررة خلال عشرينيات القرن الماضي ، لا سيما فيما كان سيصبح سوريا.
In english
Thus, while there is still much to do, we are able to get a more nuanced and broad picture of many aspects of events from 1914–18, as well as those preceding and following them. Indeed, reconsidering the periodization is a major topic in connection with non-European countries and the Middle East in particular. World War I ended later there, so to speak. Medina surrendered only in 1919. The states of Armenia and Kurdistan, promised during the Paris Peace Conference remained ephemeral. Uprisings followed the establishment of new political and colonial regimes during the 1920s in Iraq, Syria and Palestine. Some still referred to the late Ottoman Empire in the mid-1920s, thereby hinting at the empire’s deep and long-lasting imprint on the region6. Perhaps more importantly, the mandate governments established in Bilād al-Shām and Iraq were themselves only intended to be transitory7; they experienced frequent changes during the 1920s, notably in what was to become Syria.
In english
Thus, while there is still much to do, we are able to get a more nuanced and broad picture of many aspects of events from 1914–18, as well as those preceding and following them. Indeed, reconsidering the periodization is a major topic in connection with non-European countries and the Middle East in particular. World War I ended later there, so to speak. Medina surrendered only in 1919. The states of Armenia and Kurdistan, promised during the Paris Peace Conference remained ephemeral. Uprisings followed the establishment of new political and colonial regimes during the 1920s in Iraq, Syria and Palestine. Some still referred to the late Ottoman Empire in the mid-1920s, thereby hinting at the empire’s deep and long-lasting imprint on the region6. Perhaps more importantly, the mandate governments established in Bilād al-Shām and Iraq were themselves only intended to be transitory7; they experienced frequent changes during the 1920s, notably in what was to become Syria.
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